From Mining to Agriculture: Livelihood Transformation and Socioeconomic Vulnerability of the Community Following the Closure of Illegal Gold Mines in Bakan Village

Abstract

This study aims to analyze changes in livelihoods and the socioeconomic conditions of the community following the closure or restriction of unauthorized gold mining activities in Bakan Village, Lolayan District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving individuals who had previously worked in or been involved with illegal gold mining. The data were analyzed through the processes of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that, prior to the restrictions, some community members combined farming specifically the cultivation of cloves and coconuts with gold panning to generate supplementary income, particularly during the periods between harvests. Following the implementation of these restrictions, the community returned to relying solely on agriculture and plantation activities, thereby losing a source of income that had previously helped meet household needs. The study also reveals that some residents face limited access to alternative employment within formal mining companies due to a lack of necessary skills or an inability to meet specific job requirements. These findings demonstrate that changes in the management of mining activities have impacted the livelihood strategies and economic adaptability of a portion of the community. Consequently, there is a need to strengthen the agricultural and plantation sectors, provide vocational skills training, and expand access to alternative employment opportunities to support the sustainability of community livelihoods following the closure of mining operations.