Urbanization and the Socio-Environmental Conditions of Informal Settlements along the Railway Corridor in Surabaya

Abstract

Urbanization encourages urban population growth, but is not always accompanied by the availability of decent and affordable housing for low-income people. This condition can encourage some people to live in informal settlement areas, including around railway borders. This research aims to describe the social and environmental conditions of informal settlements in the areas bordering the Surabaya railway line, identify factors that encourage their development, and analyze their impact on the health, safety and social life of the community. The research used a qualitative approach by collecting data through direct observation and interviews with five informants consisting of the RT head, PKK head and three local residents. The research results show that residential conditions still face a number of problems, especially limited sanitation, waste management, drainage, clean water and residential density. Residential development is influenced by economic factors, relatively affordable rental costs, proximity to places of work, and limited housing options for low-income people. These environmental conditions are also related to residents' health complaints and safety risks, especially for children who live near railway lines. On the other hand, mutual cooperation activities show the existence of social capital that helps communities face environmental problems, although it is not yet able to replace the need for adequate infrastructure. This research shows that the problem of informal settlements cannot be separated from limited access to housing and inequality in urban services. Therefore, the handling needs to consider improving the environment, providing affordable housing, resident safety, and community involvement in the settlement planning process.